Dissipation, Residue, and Dietary Risk Assessment of Methoxyfenozide, Chlorantraniliprole, Indoxacarb, Lufenuron, and Chlorfenapyr in Spinach Using a Modified QuEChERS Method Combined with a Tandem Mass Spectrometry Technique

Spinach is a frequently consumed vegetable worldwide. Chemical pesticides are widely used to produce spinach with high yield and quality. However, the unregulated use of negatively impacts human environmental health. A simple efficient method using dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) combined field experiments was conducted study residue dissipation methoxyfenozide, chlorantraniliprole, indoxacarb, lufenuron, chlorfenapyr in under different planting conditions. The results showed that half-lives were 1.1–3.0 d, 2.6–4.0 1.7–4.2 3.4–4.4 2.8–4.3 respectively. five rapidly degraded without significant differences between open greenhouse fields. final indoxacarb not higher than maximum limit (MRL) China (3 mg kg−1); highest residual value 1.0 kg−1. Although MRLs chlorfenapyr, lufenuron for yet be formulated China, long-term dietary risk four acceptable, an RQ < 100%, according international national assessments. These necessary provide guidance proper safe these pesticides.